'Equipment Awaiting Talent': 5 reasons why China hasn't enough skilled recruits to man its top-tech arsenal

In February 2023, China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Navy embarked on a unique mission, targeting graduates at elite Chinese universities for its aircraft carrier fighter pilot program. This marked the first time university students were considered for this role, and women were also allowed to apply.

While the PLA continues its military modernisation efforts, it faces significant challenges in recruiting and retaining technologically skilled personnel.

Unique factors like China’s one-child policy, a preference for higher-paying industry jobs, and an aversion to the PLA’s austerity and political education contribute to recruitment difficulties.

Equipment awaiting talent

The pace of military modernisation amplifies the challenge, with reports suggesting the navy doesn’t have enough fully trained personnel to operate its new warships, an issue referred to as “equipment awaiting talent.”

The need for carrier pilots is particularly urgent, resulting in the age limit for graduate applicants being raised from 24 to 26.

Efforts to improve recruitment

Recent recruitment drives have fallen short, forcing PLA leaders to consider changes to the recruitment system and competitive salaries to attract outstanding, creative young individuals.

A paper published in a Chinese defence journal in April 2022 described PLA recruitment as being at a “rudimentary stage.”

Recent reforms and improvements

Under the leadership of Xi Jinping, the PLA underwent significant changes, that includes improving treatment for personnel and their families, and recruiting directly from universities. The PLA’s image was enhanced through military operations and action movies.

Despite these reforms, recruitment issues persist, with college students leaving the PLA after qualifying for incentives, apparent increases in refusals to serve, and desertions. The PLA adapted by recruiting twice a year, conducting more nuanced health checks, and increasing military pay.

Comparing salaries

While military pay has improved, graduates from top universities can still earn significantly more in the private sector. Incentives to leave the PLA often outweigh those to stay.

The PLA’s personnel problems won’t hinder its actions in a crisis, but it will take years for enough skilled recruits to reach the upper ranks. While China’s youth unemployment may influence recruitment, challenges persist in retaining skilled personnel for the PLA’s long-term goals.

The wait for carrier pilots

China’s ambition to become a world-class fighting force by mid-century requires a continuous effort to attract and retain the talented individuals needed for various roles. In particular, the PLA is working to fill the gap for carrier pilots, a critical component of its naval capabilities.

With inputs from agencies